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Health-social aspects of patients with bronchial asthma
LAUKOVÁ, Dana
Current situation: Bronchial asthma is currently a civilization disease with a rapid increase in incidence and prevalence. The knowledge of its health, socioeconomic aspects can help us to predict, eliminate or support factors that will stabilize bronchial asthma. Subject: We have focused on the social situation of adult respondents with bronchial asthma associated with anti-asthmatic treatment. Objectives: According to the subject of research we have set partial objectives (to map out the current treatment of adult respondents with bronchial asthma, to map out the factors that cause the change of asthmatic problems from a health point of view, to map out the factors determining the change of asthmatic problems from a socio-economic point of view, to compare the importance of health and social factors within socially diverse groups of adult asthmatic patients, to identify, diagnose and monitor the use of social security for adult asthmatic patients in the Slovak Republic). Methodology: The following research methods were used - questionnaire, content analysis of documents, standardized asthma control test ACTTM. The obtained data were processed by qualitative and quantitative methods, fuzzy c-cluster analysis too. Research set: The set consisted of specifically selected 506 respondents aged 19 and over with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma in the pneumophysiologic ambulance of the Internal Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Nitra from 1.5.2014 to 1.5.2015. Results: We have found that better socioeconomic conditions of respondent have positive impact on continuing with the treatment of bronchial asthma, with higher score in ACTTM. The stabilization of asthma getting worse by increased BMI. The cost of anti-asthmatic treatment was higher for obese respondents as well as any additional costs. We have confirmed that the socioeconomic situation of the respondent affects the healing costs of bronchial asthma. Treatment costs are positively reduced by lower age, higher education, higher income, psychical type of work. This shows in lower usage of hospitalization, sick leaves based on bronchial-asthma diagnoses. The stability of asthma is kept by older respondents by using spa treatments. It has been proven that the cost of treating bronchial asthma has increased due to several known allergens and risk factors. Because of impurities (dust, mites, moulds and feathers) there has been an increase in asthmatic complications. In addition, we experienced dyspnoea due to cold, humidity and seasonal changes in younger asthmatics who also were affected by air conditioning used mainly at work. With their knowledge and aimed elimination, asthmatic patients can achieve bronchial asthma stabilization as well as reduced treatment costs. Conclusion: Positive socioeconomic characteristics of asthma patients have a positive effect on their health status - control and stabilization of asthma.
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